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The earliest known examples of a written Slovenian dialect are from the Freising manuscripts (called Brižinski spomeniki in Slovenian), which have been dated to between 972 and 1093, but more likely before 1000 than after. These religious writings are the earliest known occurrence of a Slavic language being written using the Latin script. Moreover, they are now said to be one of the oldest extant manuscripts in any Slavic language.
The literary Slovenian language emerged in the 16th century thanks to the works of Reformation activists Primoz Trubar, Adam Bohoric and Jurij Dalmatin.
During the period when present-day Slovenia was part of the Austro-Hungarian EmpireAustria-Hungary also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. monarchy , was a dualistic state ( 1867 1918) in which the Kingdom of Hungary enjoyed self-government and representation in joint affairs (principally foreign relations and defence) with the west, GermanGerman (called Deutsch in German in which germanisch refers to prechristian times), is a member of the western group of Germanic languages and one of the world's major languages. It is the language with the most native speakers in the European Union. was the prestige language, and Slovenian was the language of the "ordinary" people. During this time, German had a strong impact on Slovenian, and many GermanismsGermanisation as a verb means to expand the German language and culture. It was the name given to the policy of Imperial Germany and Nazi Germany to expand the German language in areas populated by non-Germans. The means of the policy was eradication of n are preserved in contemporary colloquial Slovenian. For example, in addition to the native Slovenian word blazina (="pillow"), the German word Polster is also used in colloquial Slovenian, wherein it is pronounced poušter ( SAMPAThe Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA is a computer-readable phonetic script using 7-bit printable ASCII characters, based on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). It was originally developed in the late 1980s for six European langua [poUSt@r], IPAThis article is about the alphabet officially used in linguistics. The NATO phonetic alphabet ("alpha bravo") has been informally and nonstandardly called the International Phonetic Alphabet as well. The International Phonetic Alphabet is a phonetic alpha [poʊʃtər]). Similarly, Slovenian has both the native term izvijac (="screwdriver") and šrauf'ncigr ( SAMPAThe Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (SAMPA is a computer-readable phonetic script using 7-bit printable ASCII characters, based on the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). It was originally developed in the late 1980s for six European langua [SraUf@ntsIg@r], IPAThis article is about the alphabet officially used in linguistics. The NATO phonetic alphabet ("alpha bravo") has been informally and nonstandardly called the International Phonetic Alphabet as well. The International Phonetic Alphabet is a phonetic alpha [ʃraʊfəntsɪgər]) in technical colloquial jargon, from the German word for screwdriver, der Schraubenzieher. Many well known Slovenian scientistA scientist is a person who is expert in an area of science and who uses scientific methods in research. Traditionally mathematics has been grouped with the sciences, but in modern times people tend not to regard mathematicians as scientists. Mathematicals before the 1920s also wrote in foreign languages, mostly German, because of the political situation in Europe.
During the period of Illyrism and Pan-Slavism, some words crept into the language from Serbo-Croatian, being used even by some good authors, for example by Josip Jurcic , who wrote the first novel in Slovenian; however, many Croatisms used by such authors are entirely unfamiliar to Slovenians, especially the younger generation.
Slovenian was also shunned for a period during World War II when Slovenia was divided between the Axis Powers of Fascist Italy, the Nazi Germany and Hungary.
Following World War II, Slovenia became part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Slovenian was one of the official languages of the federation. Slovenia gained independence in 1991 and Slovenian was made the official language. It is also one of the official languages of the European Union.
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