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Spectra: A Book of Poetic Experiments was a small volume of poetry published in 1916 by American writers Witter Bynner, who wrote under the pseudonym "Emanuel Morgan", and Arthur Davison Ficke , who wrote as "Anne Knish."
Spectra was preceded by a brief manifesto outlining the methods of Spectrism as a school :
With this vague programme, the two poets adopted personas for their namesakes. The poems in the collection were not given titles, merely opus numbers. "Emanuel Morgan" was a rhyming Whitman, full of bacchanalian, bardic blatherskite. From "Opus 6:"
"Anne Knish" was the archetypal poetess, full of oracular ipse dixits, sensual, enigmatic, and vaguely scandalous. In 1916, most AmericansThe United States of America also referred to as the United States U. America ¹ or the States is a federal republic in central North America, stretching from the Atlantic in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. It shares land borders with Canada in were unfamiliar with Eastern European cooking and had never heard of knishes; the pseudonym was intended to be exotic and slightly orientalOrientalism is the study of Near and Far Eastern societies and cultures, generally by Westerners. Although this term had become archaic and rare by the late twentieth century, Edward Said redefined this term in his groundbreaking work Orientalism ( 1978). Here is Knish's Opus 118:
Spectra was meant to be the starting-point of a hoaxA hoax is an attempt to trick an audience into believing that something false is real. Generally there is some material object involved, which is actually a forgery. Unlike a fraud or con (which usually has an audience of one or a few), which are made for of exposure, after the manner of the Taxil hoaxIn 1894, Leo Taxil published a fraudulent quote, supposedly found in a letter from the leader of the Southern Jurisdiction of Scottish Rite Masonry, Albert Pike, implying that Freemasons of the 30th Degree of the Scottish rite or higher worshipped "Lucife or, more recently, the Sokal AffairThe Sokal Affair was a famous hoax played by physicist Alan Sokal on the postmodernist humanities academics world. In 1996 Professor Sokal, a physicist at New York University, submitted a deliberately pseudoscientific paper for publication in a post-moder. Bynner and Ficke were old-school poets who had grown weary of the isms and free-form experiments such as ImagismEzra Pound, one of the prime movers of Imagism. Imagism was a movement in early 20th century Anglo-American poetry. It rejected romantic and sentimental Victorian traditions in favour of precision of imagery in clear, sharp language. Early Imagism H. that had displaced more traditional varieties of poetic practice. They meant the Spectra poems to mock the pretensions of these several schools, and tried to make them bad. The plan seemed to work; a number of AmericanThe United States of America also referred to as the United States U. America ¹ or the States is a federal republic in central North America, stretching from the Atlantic in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. It shares land borders with Canada in writers, including Edgar Lee MastersEdgar Lee Masters ( 1868- 1950) was a United States American poet, biographer and dramatist. He is the author of Spoon River Anthology Songs and Satires The Great Valley The Serpent in the Wilderness An Obscure Tale The Spleen Mark Twain : A Portrait Linc and William Carlos WilliamsBiography William Carlos Williams ( September 17, 1883 March 4, 1963), often abbreviated with the initials "WCW", was an American poet during the Modernist movement. He attended public school in Rutherford, New Jersey until 1897, then was sent to study at, were entirely taken in by the hoax.
By now, several flaws in the plan are apparent. First, the poems are not all that bad, and some, like Morgan's above, contain some fairly good lines. Both Bynner and Ficke realized after they had written the Spectra poems that in attempting to produce deliberately outrageous poetry, they had let their mental guard down, and produced some of their most interesting work. Much of their later verse in a more serious vein was influenced by their own experiments in Spectra.
From the perspective of the present, the world has endured much worse in the way of poetic experiments during the Age of Charlatans in the twentieth century. The Spectra poems are probably the most widely remembered work of either Bynner or Ficke.
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