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Sturm und Drang (literally: "storm and stress") was a mainly literary protest movement in German literature during the latter half of the 18th century, so named after a play by Friedrich Maximilian Klinger. It marks the return of romanticism to what was seen as an overly rationalist literary tradition.
The period is variously characterized as having lasted from 1767 - 1785 (most common view), 1769 - 1786, or 1765 - 1795.
Its best known manifestation is the 1774 novel Die Leiden des jungen Werthers ( The Sorrows of Young Werther) by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
The movement also informed some classical musicThis article is about the broad genre of classical music in the Western musical tradition. For the period of music in the 18th century see Classical music era, for articles on classical music of non-Western cultures, see: List of classical music tradition of the period, resulting in stormy minor key writing in pieces such as Wolfgang Amadeus MozartWolfgang Amadeus Mozart ( January 27, 1756 December 5, 1791) was one of the most significant and influential of all composers of Western classical music. His works are loved by many and are frequently performed. Life Mozart was born in Salzburg, now in Au's Don GiovanniDon Giovanni is an opera in two acts with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte. It was premiered in Prague on October 29, 1787. Of the many operas based on the legend of Don Juan, Mozart's is the most famous and widely regarde (in the overture and Don Giovanni's descent into hell) and certain symphonies by Joseph HaydnPortrait by Thomas Hardy, 1792 Franz) Joseph Haydn (in German, Josef he never used the Franz) ( March 31, 1732 May 31, 1809) was a leading composer of the classical period. He was the brother of Michael Haydn, a composer, and Johann Evangelist Haydn, a te, such as the Symphony No. 45Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 45 known as the Farewell was written in 1772. It is in the key of F sharp minor, and is one of Haydn's better known works from this period. The piece is written for two oboes, a bassoon, two French horns, and strings ( violins.
Other notable literary works include:
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- Zum Schakespears-Tag ( 1771Events January 22 Spain cedes the Falkland Islands to England. July 17 Massacre at Bloody Falls: Chipewyan chief Matonabbee traveling as the guide to Samuel Hearne on his arctic overland journey, massacre a group of unsuspecting Inuit. September 8 In Cali)
- Sesenheimer Lieder ( 1771Events January 22 Spain cedes the Falkland Islands to England. July 17 Massacre at Bloody Falls: Chipewyan chief Matonabbee traveling as the guide to Samuel Hearne on his arctic overland journey, massacre a group of unsuspecting Inuit. September 8 In Cali)
- Götz von Berlichingen ( 1773)
- Prometheus ( 1773; revised 1777)
- Ganymed ( 1774)
Friedrich Schiller
- Die Räuber ( 1781)
- Kabale und Liebe ( 1784)
Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz
- Der Hofmeister ( 1774)
- Die Soldaten ( 1776)
Johann Heinrich Voss
Christoph Heinrich Hölty
