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Subcomandante Insurgente Marcos is the self-described spokesperson for the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN), but considered by many one of its main leaders, since he is so prominent a figure.
According to the Mexican government, Marcos' real name is Rafael Guillén. Guillén studied high school in a jesuit institute in Tampico. Later he moved to Mexico City where he graduated from UAM Metropolitan Autonomous University, then received a masters degree in philosophy at UNAM National Autonomous University of Mexico and began work as a professor at UAM. After that he left to begin his revolutionary activity. While Marcos always denied being Rafael Guillén, Guillén´s family doesn´t know what happened to him, and they won´t say if they think Marcos and Rafael are the same person. During the Great March to Mexico City in 2001, Marcos visited the UAM and during his speech he made clear that he had at least been there before.
Like many of his generation he was radicalised by the events of 1968 and became a militant in a Maoist organisation. However, the encounter with the outlook of the indigenous peasants of Chiapas transformed the Zapatistas' ideology, and Marcos has embraced an approach to social revolution that has been described by some as post-modernist; others argue that his philosophies and actions are more closely related to the revisionist marxist ideals of Antonio Gramsci that were popular in Mexico during his time in University.
Marcos in his own words: "Marcos is gay in San Francisco, black in South Africa, an Asian in Europe, a Chicano in San Ysidro, an anarchist in Spain, a Palestinian in Israel, a Mayan Indian in the streets of San Cristobal, a gang member in Neza, a rocker in the National University, a Jew in Germany, an ombudsman in the Defense Ministry, a communist in the post-Cold War era, an artist without gallery or portfolio.... A pacifist in Bosnia, a housewife alone on Saturday night in any neighborhood in any city in Mexico, a striker in the CTM, a reporter writing filler stories for the back pages, a single woman on the metro at 10pm, a peasant without land, an unemployed worker... an unhappy student, a dissident amid free market economics, a writer without books or readers, and, of course, a Zapatista in the mountains of southeast Mexico. So Marcos is a human being, any human being, in this world. Marcos is all the exploited, marginalized and oppressed minorities, resisting and saying, 'Enough'!"
A famous idol for Marcos is the Argentinian revolutionary Ernesto "Che" Guevara, important militant in the Cuban RevolutionThe Cuban Revolution was the overthrow of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista by the 26th of July Movement and the establishment of a new regime led by Fidel Castro in the 1950s. It began with the assault on the Moncada base on the 26 July 1953, and ended on.
Much of his writings -- articles, poems, speeches and letters -- have been compiled into a book: Our Word is Our WeaponOur Word is Our Weapon is a collection of writings by Subcomandante Marcos of the Zapatista National Liberation Army. Marcos has become somewhat of an icon, a poetic representative of a much larger struggle. The book was published by Seven Stories Press i.
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