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The first sulfonamide was trade named prontosil . The first experiments with prontosil began in 1932 by the German chemist Gerhard Domagk, and the results were published in 1935 (after his employer, I. G. Farben, had obtained a patent on the compound). Prontosil was a red azo dye, and in mice had a protective action against streptococci. It had no effect in the test tube, and only exerted an antibacterial effect in the live animal itself. And, with war on the horizon, there was interest among the Allies to break the German patent.
Soon it was discovered ( 1936) that prontosil's active agent was a smaller, more effective compound known as sulfanilamide:
Sulfanilamide had a central role in preventing infection during World War II. American soldiers were issued a first aid kit containing sulfa powder and were told to sprinkle sulfa on any open wound.
An inadvertently toxic preparation of sulfanilamide also had a central influence on the US Food and Drug Administration. A preparation called Elixir Sulfanilamide contained ethylene glycol as a solvent, which is toxic. This preparation killed over one hundred people, mostly children, and led to the passage of the 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
Many thousands of permutations of the sulfanilamide structure have been created since its discovery (by one account, over 5400 permutations by 1945), usually by the substitution of another functional group for a single amide hydrogen.
Certain sulfonamides (sulfadiazine or sulfamethoxazoleSulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic. It is most often used as part of a synergistic combination with trimethoprim in a 20:1 ratio.) are sometimes mixed with the drug trimethoprimTrimethoprim is a bacteriostatic antibiotic mainly used in the prophylaxis and treatment of urinary tract infections ( cystitis). It belongs to the class of chemotherapeutic agents known as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. Trimethoprim was formerly mar, which acts against dihydrofolate reductaseDihydrofolate reductase ( PDB , EC 1. 3), or DHFR reduces dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, which can be converted to the kinds of tetrahydrofolate cofactors used in 1-carbon transfer chemistry. A variety of drugs act on dihydrofolate reductase,.
Some individuals are allergic to this substance.
See also: antibioticAn antibiotic is a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics are one class of "antimicrobials", a larger group which also includes anti-viral, anti-fungal, and anti-parasitic drugs. They are relatively harmless to the host, and therefor, timeline of antibioticsThis is the timeline of antimicrobial (anti-infective) therapy. The years show when given antibiotic was released onto the pharmaceutical market. 1939 sulfacetamide 1940 sufamethizol 1942 benzylpenicillin 1942 sulfadimidine 1943 sulfamerazine 1944 strepto
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