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A system is an assemblage of inter-related elements comprising a unified whole. From the Latin and Greek, the term "system" meant to combine, to set up, to place together. A sub-system is a system which is part of another system. A system typically consists of components (or elements) which are connected together in order to facilitate the flow of information, matter or energy. The term is often used to describe a set of entities which interact, and for which a mathematical model can often be constructed.
At arbitrary boundaries, a collection of interrelated components may be declared a system and may further be abstracted to be declared a component of a larger system. Systems enable "activities" to be performed. (It is tempting to say that systems enable "things" to be done—but that is confusing in this context.) An engineering example of a system is often a circuit or a physical series.
Depending on the type of system, a system can often be distinguished from individual machines, elements or processes of that system by the number, arrangements and complexity of those elements. For example, a pulley is a machine, but an elevator, which incorporates pulleys (amongst other components), is a system. Going to the doctor is a process, but health care is a system.
In the natural world, we say that there are systems. For example, the solar systemA generic solar system (or planetary system consists of at least one star and various orbiting objects (such as asteroids, comets, moons, and planets). The term originated to describe the planetary system around Sol, the Latin name for our sun. The planet of nine planets orbiting the sun. In the human body, we refer to such systems as the nervous systemThe nervous system of an animal coordinates the activity of the muscles, monitors the organs, constructs and processes input from the senses, and initiates actions. see Central Nervous System). In animals with brains, the nervous system also generates and, the circulatory systemThe circulatory system or cardiovascular system is the organ system which circulates blood around the body of most animals. Functions Following are some basic functions of the human circulatory system: #Delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the, the digestive system, the reproductive system, and the respiratory systemThe respiratory system is the biological system of any organism that engages in gas exchange. Even trees have respiratory systems, taking in carbon dioxide and emitting oxygen. Respiratory system in humans and animals In humans and other mammals, the resp.
In addition, all so-called "things" ( ObjectsEtymology: The word object comes from the latin word objectum a noun form of objectus which in turn comes from objicere which means to throw or put something before someone. Objicere comes from ob "in front of" (related to the Greek epi and jacere "throw") are actually systems. For example, a cup is an object, but it is also a system for holding hot or cold liquid, or other material. The cup has a certain shape and a handle, it is made of non-porous material and so on, and it is put together in such a way as to provide a useful function. Describing this thing makes up information, and defines a system.
An open systemAn open system may refer to more than one thing: In the physical sciences, an open system (system theory is a system that matter or energy can flow into and/or out of, in contrast to a closed system, which no energy or matter may enter or leave. See also can be influenced by events outside of the declared boundaries of a system. A closed system is self-contained: outside events can have no influence upon the system. In practice many things are a mixture of the two. For example a prison is a closed system because the prisoners can't get out, and the wardens spend most of their time at the prison. However it is also an open system, because it depends on outside factors and the prisoners and wardens do go outside. Dynamic systems have components or flows or both, that change over time.
Another distinction is the relation of physical systems to conceptual systems. Physical systems are systems of matter and energy. Conceptual systems are made up of ideas. Conceptual systems generally exist to aid in the accomplishment of specific goals or may be used to model physical systems.
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