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The Grumman TBF Avenger (designated TBM for aircraft manufactured by General Motors) was an American torpedo bomber, developed initially for the United States Navy and Marine Corps and used by a large number of air forces around the world. It entered service in 1942, and began major use during the Battle of Midway.

The Douglas Devastator, the main torpedo bomber of the U.S. Navy (from 1935 to about 1942) had become obsolete by 1939. In order to replace it, Grumman (the "Iron Works") was contracted to create a new replacement. Leroy Grumman , an engineer, designed this new plane. Its first prototype was called the XTBF-1. Although one of the first two prototypes crashed near BrentwoodBrentwood is a census-designated place located in Suffolk County, New York. As of the 2000 census, the CDP had a total population of 53,917. Geography Brentwood is located at 40°46'54" North, 73°14'39" West (40. 781805, -73. According to the United States, New YorkNew York is a state in the northeastern United States whose U. postal abbreviation is NY . It is sometimes called New York State when there is need to distinguish it from New York City. History See: History of New York New York was one of the thirteen col, rapid production continued.

1 Design

The powerplantA powerplant can mean: An aircraft engine (usually used in countries other than the U. A power plant (a large facility that uses materials to generate electricity). of the TBF (as it was known after production) was the Wright R-2600-8, which had 1700 horsepowerThe horsepower hp is the name of several non-metric units of power. In scientific discourse the horsepower is rarely used due to the various definitions and the existence of an SI unit for power, the watt (W). However, the idea of horsepower persists as a (1.3 MW). It was the first to feature a new wing-folding mechanism (designed by Grumman) that would minimize space; the F6F HellcatThe Grumman F6F Hellcat started development as an improved F4F Wildcat, but turned into a completely new design sharing a family resemblance to the Wildcat but with practically no shared parts. The Hellcat and the Vought F4U Corsair were the primary Unite (also manufactured by Grumman) would have the same mechanism. There were three seats (pilot, rear gunner, and bombardier/belly gunner). There was a single 0.3 in (7.62 mm) rear turret and a belly turret; however, the most important piece of weaponry was probably the front machine gun.

During the Battle of Midway, all of the three aircraft carrierUSS John C. Stennis (left), and HMS Illustrious (right), showing the difference in size between a supercarrier and a typical aircraft carrier. An aircraft carrier is a warship whose main role is to deploy and recover aircraft. Aircraft carriers thus allows' torpedo groups (from the USS HornetThe USS Hornet shortly after completion Career Laid down: 25 September 1939 Launched: 14 December 1940 Commissioned: 20 October 1941 Fate:Sunk: 27 October 1942 General Characteristics Displacement:19,800 tons Length:809. 8 ft Extreme Width:144 ft Draft:21, USS EnterpriseThe USS Enterprise Underway Career Laid down: 16 July 1934 Launched: 3 October 1936 Commissioned: 12 May 1938 Decommissioned: 17 February 1947 Fate:Scrapped General Characteristics Displacement:19,800 tons (light) 27,100 (full load-1945) Length:809 ft 6 i, and USS Yorktown) had taken horrendous casualties; one group had a single survivor ( Ensign George Gay). This was partly due to the slow speed of the Devastator (less than 200 MPH during glide-bombing) and its lack of defense (only a single rear turret, which left the plane defenseless if its gunner was incapacitated). Ironically, the first shipment of TBFs had arrived only a few hours after the three carriers quickly departed from Pearl Harbor (although a few eventually participated).

Continuing with its design, the TBF had a large bomb bay, allowing for either a single 2000 lb (900 kg) torpedo or up to four 500 lb (230 kg) bombs. It could also carry an extra fuel tank for long flights. Also, many Grumman-made planes had trademark large wings (allowing for easier handling, among other things). Finally, the plane had overall ruggedness, unlike its predecessor. With a 30,000 foot (10,000 m) ceiling and a fully-loaded range of 1,000 miles (1,600 km), it was better than any previous American torpedo plane, and better than its chief opponent, the Japanese Nakajima B5N "Kate".

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TBF AvengerThe Grumman TBF Avenger (designated TBM for aircraft manufactured by General Motors) was an American torpedo bomber, developed initially for the United States Navy and Marine Corps and used by a large number of air forces around the world. It entered serv