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Home > Taxonomy of the orchid family


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The following taxonomy follows the classification system of Robert Louis Dressler, an orchid specialist and adjunct curator at the Florida Museum of Natural History. This classification, published in the book The Orchids: Natural History and Classification, is widely accepted by botanists and growers. The initial scheme of 1981 has been modified in 1986, twice in 1990. and then again in 1993. This is the most comprehensive classification at the moment. But it relies heavily on morphology and a few key characters.

According to morphological cladistics, the Orchid family is a monophyletic group. There is a great similarity with the traditional taxonomy, but on lower levels, matters are still unresolved. Cladistic and molecular methods give us a firmer basis, but the classification is still an ongoing issue. Furthermore, about 150 species and even new genera are still being discovered each year.

The orchid family ( Orchidaceae) is subdivided in several subfamilies, and then in tribes, subtribes, alliances and then genera.

The following six subfamilies are recognized :


1 Subfamily SPIRANTHOIDEAE

Cranefly Orchid ( Tipularia discolor) This subfamily contains some 550 species in about 95 genera..The species can be identified by the basic column structure. They also lack root-stem tuberoids.

Tribe ERYTHRODEAE : All species in this tribe occur in Asia, Africa, and Australia.

Tribe CRANICHIDEAE : Species of this tribe occur in North and South America.


2 Subfamily ORCHIDOIDEAE

This subfamily contains some 2,800 species. occurring in the temperate climates of Europe, Africa, and Australia. The species are mainly terrestrial plants with slender stems, spiraling leaves, and mealy pollen. They all have a unique thickened root-stem tuberoid storage organ. Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid ( Platanthera leucophaea) Tribe DIURIDEAE : about 550 species

Tribe ORCHIDEAE : largest tribe, containing more than 1,700 species. Prairie White-Fringed Orchid ( Habenaria leucohaea)

Tribe DISEAE

Purple Fringed orchid ( Platanthera grandiflora)






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