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The Crown is a term which is used to separate the government authority and property of the state in a kingdom, as opposed to any personal influence and private assets held by the current Monarch. In the United Kingdom (and by extension, most of the nations in the British Commonwealth), 'The Crown' is an entity that represents all rulership in the UK, but is separate from the person currently wearing it. For example, the Queen owns some of her castles herself, and if she abdicated, she would keep them. Others belong to the Crown, and would belong to the next monarch.
The Crown is therefore a ' corporation sole' i.e. a legal entity which can own property and have rights. Elizabeth II is currently the post holder, and thus Queen of the United Kingdom. The holder of the position of the Crown will be King or Queen and officially governs the UK. In practice, however, the UK is usually governed by the government derived from the democratically elected parliament, but this is only done 'on behalf of the Crown' and laws are passed by the Crown in Parliament, with Royal assent.
Many people in the country are 'Crown Servants'. For instance, traditionally, prison warders were directly employed by the Crown, and not by the Prison Service. The Crown is also the source of all justice in the UK (which is why there is the 'Crown Prosecution Service' in the criminal courts whose lawyers are called 'Crown Prosecutors'), which also meant that it was immune from prosecution. Thus all Government departments were essentially immune from prosecution, an immunity which was limited slightly by the Crown Proceedings Act of 1947. Crown servants may not sit as Members of Parliament and this is used as a way of allowing MPs to retire before their time — they are awarded a sinecure job which is that of a Crown Servant and thus disbarred as an MP (see resignation from the British House of Commons).
The concept of the Crown took form under the feudal system, evolving from and synthesising oriental and barbarian concepts of kingship. Under the feudal System, in England and (separately) Scotland, all rights and privileges were ultimately granted by the ruler (though this was not the case in all countries that had this system). All land was granted by the Crown to lesser lords, in exchange for feudal services, and they granted the land to lesser lords. One exception to this was common socage — owners of land held as 'socage' held it subject only to the Crown. The Crown as ultimate owner of all property also owns any property which has become Bona VacantiaBona Vacantia (latin, meaning vacant goods is a division of the Treasury Solicitor's Department of the UK Government. It is responsible for disposing of Bona Vacantia assets, which are chiefly: Treasure Trove Assets of companies for which ownership cannot.
In Polish-Lithuanian CommonwealthThe Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (or The Republic of the Two Nations Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodow in Polish; Latin: Regnum Serenissima Poloniae; Belarusian: ) was a federal monarchy- republic formed by the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania term The Crown ( PolishPolish polski jezyk polski is the official language of Poland. History Polish has been influenced by contact with foreign languages (foremost Latin, Czech, French, German, Italian, Russian and recently it has been virtually bombarded by English, especiall Korona) was used to differentiate between two major parts of the state: the Grand Duchy of LithuaniaGrand Duchy of Lithuania ( Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didzioji KunigaikStyste Belarusian: , Polish: Wielkie Ksiestwo Litewskie was an Eastern European state in 13th 16thcenturies. Founded by non-Christian (see Lithuanian mythology) at that time Baltic nation Li called simply "Lithuania" ( PolishPolish polski jezyk polski is the official language of Poland. History Polish has been influenced by contact with foreign languages (foremost Latin, Czech, French, German, Italian, Russian and recently it has been virtually bombarded by English, especiall Litwa) and the Kingdom of PolandThe state formed by Boleslaus I of Poland in 1025 during his coronation. There were few consecutive states named Kingdom in Polish history. Kingdom of Poland of the first Piasts 1025-1138 ( Kingdom of the first Piasts) divided Kingdom of Poland 1138-1295 called "The Crown".
Common lawThis article concerns the common-law legal system, as contrasted with the civil law legal system; for other meanings of the term, within the field of law, see common law (disambiguation). The common-law legal system forms a major part of the law of many c
Polish history
