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Born in 1489 at Nottingham, Cranmer was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge and became a priest following the death of his first wife. By the time of the controversy over the divorce of King Henry from his wife, Catherine of Aragon, Cranmer had risen to an influential position, and his willingness to pursue the matter on the King's behalf won him further advancement, despite the fact that he had secretly married the niece of a Lutheran theologian in Nuremberg. On March 30, 1533, he became Archbishop of Canterbury, and was able to push through the reforms that led gradually to the creation of the Church of England. In 1538Events Treaty of Nagyvarad. Peace between King Ferdinand and the Turks. John Zapolya is recognized as King of Hungary, while Ferdinand retains the northern and western parts of the Kingdom, and is recognized as heir to the throne. Truce of Nice Peace betw he condemned the views of John LambertJohn Lambert was a protestant martyr burnt to death on November 22 at Smithfield, London. He was born John Nicholson in Norwich and educated at Queens' College, Cambridge. He was made a fellow there on the nomination of Catherine of Aragon. After theologi when he denied the real presence of Jesus Christ in the bread and wine of the eucharistThe Eucharist is either the Christian sacrament of consecrated bread and wine or the ritual surrounding it. The term "Eucharist" is used mainly in Roman Catholic, Anglican, Eastern Orthodox and Lutheran traditions, and is based upon the Greek word &epsilo. Lambert was burnt at the stake, and Cranmer came to adopt his views. Cranmer also opposed Henry VIII's 6 Articles, which reaffirmed clerical celibacyA vow of clerical celibacy is the promise of a Christian priest or bishop to remain unmarried, or, in some churches, of a deacon or priest not to remarry if his wife dies. In conjunction with church rules prohibiting sex outside of marriage, this implies.
On Henry's death in 1547Events January 16 Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy becomes the first Tsar of Russia. January 28 Edward VI succeeds his father Henry VIII as King of England. February 20 Edward VI of England is crowned at Westminster Abbey March 31 Henry II succeeds his fathe, Cranmer became an indispensable advisor to his son and successor, Edward, who, though still a child, had been brought up with extreme Protestant views. During Edward's reign, Cranmer introduced the Book of Common Prayer which is still used today, and in general, led the Church of England in an indisputably protestant direction.
Edward died in 1553, to be succeeded by his half-sister, Mary I of England, who had been brought up a Catholic and wished to return the country to its former faith. Cranmer was removed from office, imprisoned and charged with both treason and heresy on February 14, 1556. In an effort to save himself, he recanted, but was nevertheless condemned to be burned at the stake. When he discovered his fate, he withdrew his recantation, and at the point of execution, he thrust his right hand into the fire, this being the hand which had signed the document. He was executed along with two other bishops, Ridley and Latimer, at Oxford in 1556. The event is commemorated by the so-called Martyrs' Memorial (which is not on the original site).
| Preceded by: William Warham |
Archbishop of Canterbury | Followed by: Reginald Pole |
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