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Currently this term is considered to be derogatory by some British Conservatives since many UK voters associate it with uncomplimentary recollections of the governments of Margaret Thatcher and John Major. However, others, such as the late Enoch Powell used the term in preference to Conservative precisely because of its supposed reactionary or die hard connotations. Others simply use it as a shorthand for Conservative Party - for instance the domain http://www.tories.org.uk points directly to the Conservative Party website.
Despite its archaic origins "Tory" is unlikely to fall from common usage, however, since newspapers find it too useful as an alternative for " Conservative" when space is limited. In Canada, the term is neutral and is a common shortening for the party name by supporters and opposition alike.
The term originates from the Exclusion BillThe Exclusion Bill crisis ran from 1678 till 1681. Its focus was the exclusion of King James VII and II from the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland because he was a Roman Catholic. The Tories were those who opposed this exclusion, while the Whigs su crisis of 1678Events August 10 Peace of Nijmegen ends war between France and Netherlands September 6 Titus Oates begins to present allegations of the " Popish Plot", a Catholic conspiracy to assassinate king Charles II of England October 17 British politician Sir Edmun– 1681Events March 4 Charles II of England grants a land charter to William Penn for the area that will later become Pennsylvania. October 12 A London woman is publicly flogged for the crime of "involving herself in politics. August 31 Titus Oates is told to le. The Whigs (initially an insult — whiggamore, a cattle driver) were those who supported the exclusion of James VII and II from the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland (the "Petitioners"), and the Tories (from the Irish term tóraidhe — outlaw, robber) were those who opposed it (the AbhorrersAbhorrers the name given in 1679 to the persons who expressed their abhorrence at the action of those who had signed petitions urging King Charles II of England to assemble Parliament. Feeling against Roman Catholics, and especially against James, Duke of).
Discredited by its hostility and suspected disloyalty to the new HanoverianThe House of Hanover (the Hanoverians were a British royal dynasty which succeeded the House of Stuart, in 1714. It is sometimes referred to as the House of Brunswick, Hanover line''. The first Hanoverian rulers, George I and George II, were from Hanover, dynasty installed in 1714, and deprived of its principal political raison d'ętre by the collapse of organised opposition following the abortive JacobiteJacobite refers to: A follower of Jacobitism, the political movement dedicated to the return of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland A member of the Jacobite Orthodox Church of Syria. uprising of 1715Events September 1 King Louis XIV of France dies after a reign of 72 years, leaving the throne of his exhausted and indebted country to his great-grandson Louis XV. Regent for the new, five years old monarch is Philippe d'Orleans, nephew of Louis XIV., Toryism in its original form faded from the political scene, inaugurating half a century of Whig supremacy.
In the late eighteenth century the label of Tory came to be applied to believers in the right of Kings to determine the direction of the state rather than to act merely in accordance with the wishes of parliament, politicians and the powerful families who largely dominated the parliamentary system in the absence of universal suffrage, secret ballots and equal constituencies.
Applied by their opponents to Parliamentary supporters of the ministries of Lord North (1770–1782) and the younger William Pitt (1783–1801), the term came to represent the political current opposed to the Whigs and the radicalism unleashed by the American and French Revolutions.
Generally, the Tories were associated with lesser gentry and the Church of England, while Whigs were more associated with trade, money, larger land holders (or "land magnates"), expansion and tolerance. Both were still committed to the political system in place at that time. Neither group could be considered a true political party in the modern sense.
After becoming associated with repression of popular discontent in the years after 1815, the Tories underwent a fundamental transformation under the influence of Robert Peel, himself an industrialist rather than a landowner, who in his 1834 " Tamworth Manifesto" outlined a new "Conservative" philosophy of reforming ills while conserving the good.
Though Peel's supporters subsequently split from their colleagues over the issue of free trade (1846), ultimately joining the Whigs to form what would become the Liberal Party, Peel's version of the party's underlying outlook was retained by the remaining Tories, who, led by the Earl of Derby and Benjamin Disraeli, adopted his label of Conservative as the official name of their party.
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