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| Turkish (Türkçe) | |
|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Turkey |
| Region: | - |
| Total speakers: | 85 million |
| Ranking: | 19 |
| Genetic classification: | Altaic (disputed) |
| Official status | |
| Official language of: | Turkey, Cyprus, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus |
| Regulated by: | - |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | tr |
| ISO 639-2 | tur, ota |
| SIL | TRK |
Turkish is a member of the Turkish family of languages, which includes Balkan Gagauz Turkish , Gagauz , and Khorasani Turkish in addition to Turkish. The Turkish family is a subgroup of the Southern Turkic languages , themselves a subgroup of the Turkic languages, which some linguistics believe to be member of the disputed Altaic language family.
Turkish is spoken in Turkey and by minorities in 35 other countries. The Turkish used in countries such as Bulgaria, Greece, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, the Republic of Macedonia, Romania and Uzbekistan is also called OsmanliThe Osmanli Dynasty also the House of Osman ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1281 to 1923, beginning with Osman I (not counting his father, Ertuğrul), though the dynasty was not proclaimed until 1383 when Murad I declared himself sultan. Before that th.
Turkish is the official language of Turkey and is one of the official languages of Cyprus.
Dialects of Turkish include Danubian, Eskişehir (spoken in Eskişehir Province), Razgrad, Dinler, Rumelian, Karamanli (spoken in Karaman Province), Edirne (spoken in Edirne), Gaziantep (spoken in Gaziantep Province), Urfa (spoken in Sanliurfa Province ).
Many other languages are spoken in Turkey, including: Pontic Greek in the Trabzon area (pontos being Black Sea in Greek). A modern version of Aramaic is also spoken in some villages in central and southern Turkey, and an Arabic dialect is spoken southwest of the Van sea. From the South Caucasian language groups, the Laz and Georgian languages are widely used in northeast Turkey, as is Cherkess in many villages which are geographically rather spread out. To this one can add about 40,000 villages in Turkey where Kurdish is spoken. In addition, several other Turkic languages are spoken by small groups. A small Jewish minority in Istanbul speaks " Ladino", also called "Judeo-Spanish", from descendants of Jews who fled from Spain in 1492 and found refuge in the Istanbul area. Professor Einar Haugen (1906-1994) of Norway who studied "ekte gulbrandsdalmal" - a dialect spoken in the Gulbrandsdalen district of Norway - among Norwegian immigrants in Iowa, found "frozen" remnants of Kretic and old Spanish dialects from Turkey, making the country extremely interesting for language researchers and social anthropologists.
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