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The Marine Corps is part of the Department of the Navy. It is not part of the United States Navy, although the two services work closely together.
The Corps serves as a versatile combat element, adapted to a wide variety of combat operations. The Marine Corps was initially composed of naval infantry combat forces serving aboard naval vessels, in order to carry out amphibious operations. The Marines fully developed and used the tactics of amphibious assault in World War II, most notably in the Pacific Island Campaign.
As befits a force designed for assault, the Marine Corps has a reputation as a fierce and effective fighting force. The U.S. Marines have never undertaken a full, large-scale retreat. The closest the Corps came to this was during the Chosin Reservoir combat of 1951, which was a fighting withdrawal.
Since its inception, the Marine Corps has had a reputation for combat prowess, and the Corps' role has expanded significantly. The Marines serve as an all-purpose, quick-response task force, suitable for quick insertion into areas requiring emergency intervention, and capable of using ground, air, and sea elements.
For example, in 1990, the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit (22nd MEU) conducted Operation Sharp Edge, a noncombatant evacuation operation, or NEO, in the west African city of Monrovia, Liberia. LiberiaLiberia is a country on the west coast of Africa, bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea and Cote d'Ivoire. The country has recently been afflicted by two civil wars ( 1989 1996 and 1999 2003) that have displaced hundreds of thousands of its citizens and destro suffered from civil war at the time, and civilian citizens of the United StatesThe United States of America also referred to as the United States U. America ¹ or the States is a federal republic in central North America, stretching from the Atlantic in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. It shares land borders with Canada in and other countries could not leave via conventional means. Sharp Edge ended in success. Only one reconnaissance team came under fire, with no casualties incurred on either side, and the Marines evacuated several hundred civilians within hours to U.S. Navy vessels waiting offshore.
The Marines have a unique mission statement, but do not necessarily fill unique combat roles. The Marine Corps is the only branch of the U.S. armed forces with a mandate to do whatever the president may direct. Only when combined do the US Army, US Navy, and US Air Force overlap every area that the Marine Corps cover.
However, the Marines consistently use all essential elements of combat (air, ground, sea) together. In comparison, the larger services may not work together as often, and may take some time to learn to function together in a combat theater, although the creation of joint commands under Goldwater-Nichols ActThe Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986 (PL 99-433) was a reorganization plan which focused the chain of command in military operations undertaken by the United States Department of Defense. It passed the House of Representa has improved interservice coordination.
The Marines argue that they do not and should not take the place of the other services, any more than an ambulance takes the place of a hospital. Nonetheless, when a pressing emergency develops, the Marines essentially act as a stopgap, to get into and hold an area until the larger machinery can be mobilized. Other military men and politicians, such as President Harry S. TrumanTruman Order 33rd President Term of Office April 12, 1945 January 20, 1953 Predecessor Franklin Delano Roosevelt Successor Dwight D. Eisenhower Date of Birth Thursday, May 8, 1884 Place of Birth Lamar, Missouri Date of Death Tuesday, December 26, 1972 Pla, have differed, and considered abolishing the Corps as part of the 1948 reorganization of the military.
The Marines have one further difference from the other U.S. military services: All Marines receive training first and foremost as riflemen. Thus the Marine Corps at heart functions as an infantry corps. In the Corps, "Every Marine is a rifleman first."
This infantry-intensive training could be seen in the Battle of Fallujah in 2004, in which Marine battalions occupied a section of the city, instead of providing a cordon as the 82nd Airborne Division did before relief by the Marines.
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