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| Index: > A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
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| First Prev [ 1 2 ] Next Last |
| Ancient Mesopotamia |
| Euphrates – Tigris |
| Assyriology |
| Cities / Empires |
| Sumer: Uruk – Ur – Eridu |
| Kish – Lagash – Nippur |
| Akkadian Empire: Agade |
| Babylon – Isin – Susa |
| Assyria: Assur – Niniveh |
| Nuzi – Nimrud |
| Babylonia – Chaldea – |
| Elam – Amorites |
| Hurrians – Mitanni – Kassites |
| Chronology |
| Kings of Sumer |
| Kings of Assyria |
| Kings of Babylon |
| Language |
| Cuneiform script |
| Sumerian – Akkadian |
| Elamite – Hurrian |
| Mythology |
| Enuma Elish |
| Gilgamesh – Marduk |
The site is marked by the ruins of the ziggurat, which is still largely intact, and by the settlement mound. The ziggurat is a temple of Nanna and has two stages constructed from brick: in the lower stage the bricks are joined together with bitumen, in the upper stage they are joined with mortar.
The earliest habitation at Ur was in the Ubaid period, the earliest stage of settlement in southern Mesopotamia. However it later appears to have been abandoned for a time.
Later, around 2600 BC, in the Sumerian Early Dynastic period III, the city was again thriving. Ur by this time was considered sacred to Nanna, the moonFor other moons in the solar system see natural satellite. For other uses see Moon (disambiguation). The Moon is the only natural satellite of Earth. It has no formal name other than "The Moon" although it is occasionally called Luna ( Latin for moon to d godThis article focuses on the concept of singular, monotheistic God . See deity, gods, or goddesses for details on divine entities in specific religions and mythologies. God is a term referring to the supreme being generally believed to be ruler or creator in Sumerian mythology.
The location of Ur was favourable for trade by sea and also by land routes into ArabiaArabia is a peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia. It lies north of Ethiopia and northern Somalia; south of Israel, the disputed Palestinian territories, and Jordan; and southwest of Iran. The coastal limits of Arabia comprise: on. Many elaborate tombs including that of Queen PuabiQueen Pu-abi lived about 2600-2500 BCE. In the royal tombs of the Sumerian Third Dynasty of Ur, in southern Iraq, the most extravagant tomb that archaeologist Leonard Woolley found was that of "Queen" Pu-Abi. It was amazing because her tomb hadn’t been to [2] were constructed. Eventually the kings of Ur became the "official" rulers of SumerSumer (or Shumer Sumeria Shinar, native ki-en-gir formed the southern part of Mesopotamia from the time of settlement by the Sumerians until the time of Babylonia. Sumerian cuneiform script may pre-date any other form of writing, and dates to no later tha, in what is known as the first dynasty of Ur, which was established by the king MesannepadaMesannepada (or Mesanepada Mes-Anni-Padda was the first king in the first dynasty of Ur, in ca. the 25th century BC. He is listed to have ruled for 80 years. (or Mesanepada, Mes-Anni-Padda).
The first dynasty was ended by an attack by Sargon of Akkad around 2340 BC. Not much is known about the following period, except that there is thought to have been a second dynasty in power.
The third dynasty was established when the king Ur-Nammu (or Urnammu) came to power, ruling between 2112 BC and 2094 BC. During his rule, temples, including the ziggurat, were built and agriculture was improved through irrigation. His code of laws (a fragment was identified in Istanbul in 1952) is one of the oldest such documents known, preceding the code of Hammurabi. One of the surviving works of Sumerian literature describes the death of Ur-Nammu and his journey to the underworld.
The third dynasty fell around 1950 BC to the Elamites. Later Babylonia captured the city. Nanna was known to the Babylonians as Sin. The Babylonian city of Harran was also sacred to the god Sin.
In the Bible the city is named "Ur of the Chaldees", after the Chaldeans, who settled there around 900 BC. It is also described as the birthplace of Abraham, the largest city of Shinar or northern Chaldea, and the principal commercial centre of the country as well as the centre of political power.
In the 6th century BC there was new building in Ur under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon. The last Babylonian king, Nabonidus of Babylonia improved the ziggurat. However the city started to decline from around 550 BC and was no longer inhabited after about 500 BC, perhaps due to drought caused by changing river patterns and/or the silting of the Gulf. It may have remained in use as a cemetery for some time afterward.
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