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Utrecht | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | Utrecht |
| Area - Land - Water | 99.32 km˛ 96.35 km˛ 2.97 km˛ |
| Population 2004 - Density | 270,243 2805/km˛ |
Utrecht is a municipality and the capital city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is the fourth largest city of the Netherlands.
Vleuten-De Meern was a separate municipality until 2001, which included the village of Haarzuilens. Population data are approximations as of early 2004.
Utrecht is famous for the Dom Tower of Utrecht and the canal structure in the inner city. It is the center of the Dutch railroad network and the location of the head office of the Nederlandse Spoorwegen (Dutch Railways). A large indoor shopping center called Hoog Catharijne is located between the central railway station and the city center. The corridors have been considered public places like streets, and the main route from station to city centre is therefore open all night. Over the next years (counting from 2004), parts of Hoog Catharijne will disappear in connection with the Aanpak Stationsgebied scheme. Utrecht University is the largest university of The Netherlands. Utrecht is also home to the FC Utrecht football club, which plays in Stadium Nieuw Galgenwaard.
The origin of the city was the erection of a Roman fortification (castellum) around AD 47. It was built at the river RhineAt 1,320 km (820 miles), the Rhine River ( German Rhein French Rhin Dutch Rijn is one of the longest rivers in Europe. Its name is derived from the Celtic word renos (meaning "raging flow"). Together with the Danube it formed most of the northern frontier, which followed a more northern route than it does now and was the border of the Roman Empire. The name of the place was Traiectum, which means fordable place. During the ages around 500Events Possible date for the Battle of Mons Badonicus: Romano-British and Celts defeat an Anglo-Saxon army that may have been led by the bretwalda Aelle of Sussex (approximate date; suggested dates range from 490 to 510) Note: This battle may have influen Romans were encamped here. Near the fort there was a settlement with artisans, traders and soldiers' women and children.
In the middle of the 2nd century1st century 2nd century 3rd century other centuries) Events Roman Empire governed by the Five Good Emperors' ( 96 180) Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius. Significant persons Cai Lun, Chinese inventor Galen, medical writer Saint Irena German peoples regularly invaded the territories that Romans had conquered from them, and around 270Events Quintillus briefly holds power over the Roman Empire, and is succeeded by Aurelian Vandals and Sarmatians driven out of Roman territory Romans leave Utrecht after regular invasions of Germanic people. Births Nicholas of Myra, Roman priest and later the Romans left Utrecht. About the period 270Events Quintillus briefly holds power over the Roman Empire, and is succeeded by Aurelian Vandals and Sarmatians driven out of Roman territory Romans leave Utrecht after regular invasions of Germanic people. Births Nicholas of Myra, Roman priest and later- 500Events Possible date for the Battle of Mons Badonicus: Romano-British and Celts defeat an Anglo-Saxon army that may have been led by the bretwalda Aelle of Sussex (approximate date; suggested dates range from 490 to 510) Note: This battle may have influen little is known. In the 6th century5th century — 6th century — 7th century — other centuries) Events The first academy of the east the Academy of Gundeshapur founded in Persia by the Persian Shah Khosrau I. Irish colonists and invaders, the Scots, began migrating to Caledonia (later known Utrecht came under the influence of the Franks.
During the Middle Ages Utrecht was the most important city of the Northern Netherlands. Willibrordus is usually considered to be its first bishop. In 695 he was appointed archbishop of the Frisians and in 703 or 704 Pepin II of Herstal gave him Utrecht as see for his missionary activities further north. Utrecht received city rights in 1122.
Later the bishops of Utrecht exercised worldly power not only in the province of Utrecht (Nedersticht) but also further to the northeast. The Veluwe soon became part of Gelre but Overijssel remained the Oversticht. In 1528 the wordly power over both Neder- and Oversticht was transferred to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, who became the Lord of the 17 Netherlands (the current Benelux plus the 'Nord' of France).
In 1579 the northern 7 provinces of these Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht. They decided to work together against the Spanish rule. The Union of Utrecht is seen as the beginning of the Dutch Republic. In 1580 this predominantly Protestant state abolished the bishoprics, including the one in Utrecht. Only in 1853 was the see reinstated.
The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 settled the War of the Spanish Succession. Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain.
In 1843, a railway that connected Utrecht with Amsterdam was opened. After that, Utrecht gradually became the centre of the Dutch railway network. Since World War II, the city has grown considerably when new neighbourhoods such as Kanaleneiland, Hoograven, Lunetten, and (recently) Leidsche Rijn were built.
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