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| Uyghur | |
|---|---|
| Spoken in: | China, Kazakhstan |
| Region: | Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region |
| Total speakers: | 7.6 million |
| Ranking: | 98 |
| Genetic classification: | Altaic Turkic |
| Official status | |
| Official language of: | Xinjiang |
| Regulated by: | in Xinjiang: Working Committee of Ethnic Language and Writing of Xinjiang Automous Region |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | ug |
| ISO 639-2(B) | uig |
| SIL | UIG |
Uyghur is one of the Eastern Turkic languages, which is grouped by some linguists as a branch of Altaic.
Uyghur is spoken by 7.2 million in China, mostly in the far western Xinjiang province. Uyghur is also spoken by 300,000 in Kazakhstan, and there are Uyghur-speaking communities in Afghanistan, Australia, Germany, India, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Turkey, United Kingdom, USA, and Uzbekistan.
The Uyghurs are one of the 56 official nationalities in China, and Uyghur is an official language of Xinjiang.
The dialects of Uyghur identified by the Ethnologue are Central Uyghur, Hotan (Hetian), and Lop (Luobu).
Syllable structure can be CV, CVC, or CVCC. Uyghur is not a tonal language.
Uyghur has Subject Object Verb word order, postpositions, genitives, adjectives, numerals, relatives before noun heads, and initial question words. There are prefixes and suffixes. Word order distinguishes subjects and indirect objects, topic and comment. There are 8 noun cases shown by suffixes. Verb suffixes mark subject person, number, 2nd person marks plural and 3 levels of respect. Types of verbs include passive, reflexive, reciprocal and causative.
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