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Along with the so-called Kok Turks (aka Gokturks), the Uyghurs were one of the largest and most enduring Turkic-speaking peoples living in Central AsiaCentral Asia is a region of Asia. Various definitions of its exact composition exist. Definitions Under one definition, Central Asia covers about 9,029,000 km2, or 21% of the continent. Under this definition Central Asia includes the following countries:. They existed as a tribal federation ruled by the Juan JuanJuan Juan ( wg), Ruanruan ( py), Ru Ru (py) or Rouran (py) was the name of a confederacy of nomadic tribes on the northern borders of China proper from late 4th century until late 6th century. The term Rouran was a Chinese language transciption of the pro from 460Events March 27 night Swabians invade the Gallic city of Lugo. The governor is killed. Roman emperor Majorian is defeated by the Visigoths. The Coptic Church splits from the Orthodox Church of Alexandria. Gennadius I, Patriarch of Constantinople, banishes- 545Events The Ostrogoths besiege Rome. Births Guntram, king of Burgundy Deaths Clotilde, wife of Frankish king Clovis I., and then by the Hephthalites from 541Events January 1 Flavius Basilius Junior appointed as consul in Constantinople, the last person to hold this office January 2 Earthquake strikes Laodicea. Plague appears in Egypt, spreading the following year to Constantinople. Totila becomes king of the- 565Events January 22 Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. November 14 Justin II succeeds Justinian I as Byzantine Emperor Agathias begins to write a history beginning where Procopius finished his work. Northern Qi Hou Zhu before being taken over by the Gokturk Khaganate. Known as Huihe (回紇 huíhé) and Huihu in Chinese sources, they established a khanate in the 8th century when they displaced the Gokturks. Their ethnonym Huihu is the origin of the term Huihui (回回) used for Muslims which is now used for the Hui nationality in China.
Their Khaganate stretched from the Caspian Sea to Manchuria, and lasted from 745-840. when they were overrun by the Kirghiz, with the result that tribal groups from the Uyghurs migrated to a number of new areas, including modern Xinjiang and Gansu regions and Central Asian steppes. In Jungaria and the Tarim Basin they established the Idiqut kingdom which lasted until 1209 when they submitted to the Mongol under Genghis Khan.
Turks in the Western Tarim Basin began to convert to Islam in the 10th century, but most Uyghurs in the Besh Balik and Turfan regions did not convert until the 15th century expansion of the Yarkand Khanate, a Mongol successor state based in the Western Tarim. With conversion to Islam the traditional ethnonym Uyghur was dropped and the ancestors of modern Uyghurs identified themselves by the terms Turki and Musulman .
Before converting to Islam, Uyghurs included Manicheans, Buddhists and even some Nestorian Christians. Genetically and culturally, modern Uyghurs descend from the nomadic Turkic tribes as well as the many Iranian speaking groups such as Saka and Sogdians who preceded them in the Tarim Basin oasis cities, and the centum Indo-European-speaking Tocharians (or Tokharians). Today, one can still see light-skinned, -haired, and -eyed citizenry belonging to the Uyghur ethnic group.
A small number of Uyghurs also migrated to what is now Gansu provence in China around the late 9th Century, where they converted from Manicheism to Tibetan Buddhism - unlike their kinfolk further west, they did not later convert Islam (and are thus unusual amongst Turkic people). Their descendants still live there to this day where they are known as Yugurs (population approximately 10,000).
Famous Uyghurs include Abdurashid Khan , Amannisa Khan , Xiang Fei and Wu'er kaixi.
See also: Uyghur language, East Turkestan, Uyghuristan, Kushan
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