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Bulgaria, known today as Volga Bulgaria or Idel Bolgaristan, is a historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Volga and Kama Rivers in what is now the Russian Federation. Today, Tatarstan is considered to be the descendant of Bulgaria (in terms of territory and people).
Bulgaria was founded around 660 by Kotrag Khan, the son of Kubrat Khan.
In confluence of Volga and Kama independed state was founded nearly in 800. The capital was Bolgar (or Bulgar) city, located 160 km south of the modern city of Kazan, Tatarstan, today Bolgar town . Other major cities included Bilär (the capital until 1236), Suar (Suwar), Qasan (Kashan) and Cükätaw (Juketaw).
Modern Tatarstan cities Kazan and Yelabuga (Alabuga) were founded as Volga Bulgaria's border castles.
A large part of its population was Turkic. Modern Chuvashes and Kazan TatarThe term Tatar may refer to A member of the Tatars Tatar language Native people of Tatarstan. See also: Crimea, Turkic peoples, Turkic languages, Tatar invasions.s are descendants of the Volga BulgarsBulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians a people of Central Asia, probably originally Pamirian, whose branches became Slavicized and perhaps Turkic over time. The Turkic etymology most often given for their name is Bulgha meaning sable and is of totemis.
By 922Events Births Deaths March 26 Al-Hallaj, Sufi writer and teacher 922., Volga Bulgaria was converted to IslamCairo Egypt Islm (In Arabic: , "submission (to God)"; In Persian and Urdu: ) is a monotheistic faith and the world's second-largest religion. Followers of Islam, known as Muslims believe that God (or, in Arabic, Allh revealed His Will to Muhammad (c., and the notes of the BaghdadCapitals in Asia Baghdad is the capital of Iraq and the Baghdad Province. It is the second largest city in Southwest Asia after Tehran, with the 2003 population estimated at 5,772,000. Situated on the Tigris River at 33°20 north and 44°26 east, the city w missionary Ahmad ibn FadlanAhmad ibn Fadlan Aḥmad ibn Faḍln ) was a tenth-century Arab scholar who wrote an account of his travels as a member of an embassy of the Caliph of Baghdad to the king of the Volga Bulgars Kitb ila malik aṣ #x1e62;aqlibah ). Manuscript tell us that it was adopded as an official religion. Converting to Islam made Volga Bulgaria independet of KhazariaKhazaria also known as Khazar khaganate or Khazar khanate was the country of the Khazars, neighboring the Byzantine Empire in the southwest, Kievan Rus' in the northwest, Volga Bulgaria in the north, and Azerbaijan in the southeast. This Turkic people ado.
Annexed by the Mongols in 1236, in the 1240s Volga Bulgaria was incorporated into the Golden Horde, which itself became an Islamic state when converted by Bulgar missionaries. In the beginning of the 15th century the Golden Horde dissolved into several states, of which the Khanate of Kazan, which included the former lands of Volga Bulgaria, became the most important in the 1430s. However, since the 1552 conquest of Kazan by Tsar Ivan IV ('The Terrible'), the Bulgar lands have been under Russian, and later Soviet rule.
History of Tatarstan
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