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| Lines of the London Underground | |
| Bakerloo | |
| Central | |
| Circle | |
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| East London | |
| Hammersmith & City | |
| Jubilee | |
| Metropolitan | |
| Northern | |
| Piccadilly | |
| Victoria | |
| Waterloo & City | |
| Docklands Light Railway | |
The Waterloo & City Line is a short underground metro line in London, formally opened on 11 July 1898. It has only two stations, Waterloo and Bank (formerly called "City" hence the name of the line), between which it passes under the River Thames. It exists almost exclusively to serve transport commuters between Waterloo mainline station and the financial district of the City of London, and does not operate late in the evening or on Sundays. By far the shortest line on the London Underground, at only 1˝ miles (2.5 km) in length, it takes only four minutes to travel from end to end.
The line was designed by civil engineer W.R. Galbraith and James Henry Greathead. Originally part of the London and South Western Railway, it became part of the Southern Railway in 1923. It was subsequently nationalised with the mainline railways in 1948. The line was operated as an extension of the main line into Waterloo, which had originally been intended to run to the City but was prevented from doing so by the 1846Events January 5 The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Territory with the United Kingdom February 5 The Oregon Spectator becomes the first newspaper on the Pacific coast of the United States. February 10 Many Mormons ban on surface railways running through the central area of London. Its ticketing was fully integrated with the national network and passengers could buy through tickets from mainline rail stations to Bank. It did not become part of London Underground until 19941994 is a common year starting on Saturday, and was designated the International year of the Family''. Events January events January 1 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) goes into effect January 6 Nancy Kerrigan is clubbed on the right leg by an, when it was sold for the nominal sum of one poundSterling is: The currency of the United Kingdom, see Pound Sterling. A grade of silver; see sterling silver. An airline; see Sterling European Airlines. The last name of Bruce Sterling, a cyberpunk and science fiction writer. A British automobile manufact.
The Waterloo & City is colloquially known as The Drain. There are two main reasons for this: the smell of the marshy ground on which Waterloo is built, and the drain-like round deep-level tunnels, which were nicknamed "tubes" on the other lines. Some people suggest that the depiction of the line on the Underground map brings to mind a drainage pipe leading out of the City.
One curiosity of the Waterloo & City is that it runs underground for its entire length (uniquely amongst Underground lines, though the Victoria LineThe Victoria Line is a line of the London Underground, coloured light blue on the Tube map. It is a deep-level line running from the south-west to the north-east of London. It was built in the 1960s to relieve congestion on other lines, in particular the's only non-underground section is a depot). This presents considerable difficulties in transporting trains to and from the line. Before the construction of the Waterloo International terminal in 1990Events January January 3 Former leader of Panama Manuel Noriega surrenders to American forces. January 7 The Leaning Tower of Pisa is closed to the public due to safety concerns. January 9 Lt Gen Bazilio Olara Okello The man who led the coup aginst Dr Apo, the trains had to be vertically hoisted, one carriage at a time, using an Armstrong liftAn elevator is a transportation device used to move goods or people vertically. In British English and other Commonwealth Englishes, elevators are known more commonly as lifts although the word elevator is familiar from American movies and television show outside the north wall of Waterloo mainline station. This is now done using a road mounted craneA crane is a tower or derrick equipped with cables and pulleys that is used to lift and lower materials. Cranes are commonly used in the construction industry and in manufacturing heavy equipment. Construction cranes are usually temporary structures, eith to hoist the carriage in a shaft adjacent to the depot and south of Waterloo station. In the past when the Waterloo & City had its own power station, coal was delivered from Waterloo mainline station using a second, smaller lift, which explains the continued presence of a wagon turntable in Waterloo depot, and the remaining stub of the siding tunnel which once led to the Armstrong Lift can still be seen out the of left hand side of the train shortly after leaving Waterloo for Bank.
The line has only had three sets of rolling stock in its lifetime. The original wooden stock which was used from the line's opening in 1898 lasted until replacement in 1940 by Class 487 electric units. This new stock lasted over fifty years until it was replaced by Class 482 units, which are virtually identical to the 1992 tube stock used on the Central Line. Since its introduction, the 1992 stock on the Waterloo & City has diverged sufficiently from that used on the Central Line through various modifications that the two are not interchangeable. The Waterloo & City stock still carries the original British Rail Network SouthEast livery which it carried when introduced and there are still traces of BR branding around the two stations, despite the line having been part of London Underground for ten years.
In January 2003 the Waterloo & City was closed for over three weeks for safety checks due to a major derailment on the Central Line which required all 1992 stock trains to be modified. That same year, responsibility for the line's maintenance was given to the Metronet consortium under the terms of a Public-Private Partnership arrangement.
Because of its Sunday closures, the Waterloo & City has become a well-established and convenient location for filming. It can be seen in the 1998 Gwyneth Paltrow film Sliding Doors as well as in the BBC's 1984 adaptation of The Tripods, where it masquerades as Porte de la Chapelle station on the Paris Métro.
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