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In the SI system of units, thermal conductivity is measured in
that is watts per metre-kelvin, (W·m-1·K-1)
where
watt is the unit of power metre is the unit of distance kelvin is the unit of temperatureThermal conductivity should not be confused with thermal conductance, which is explained below.
In old literature you may find the following unit for thermal conductivity: cal/(mhC). This stands for calories/(meter/hour/degrees centigrade). by multiplying this value with 0.001161 (=4.18/3600) it is converted to the SI unit.
In general thermal conductivity tracks electrical conductivity; metals being good thermal conductors. There are exceptions: the most outstanding is that of diamond which has a high thermal conductivity, between 1000 and 2600 W·m-1·K-1, while the electrical conductivity is low. CuSil is a brand name for an alloy of 72% silver and 28% copper, that has better properties than silver alone.
Thermal conductivity of other common materials:
| Material | Thermal Conductivity W·m-1·K-1 |
|---|---|
| Diamond | 1000-2600 |
| CuSil | >430 |
| Silver | 430 |
| Copper | 390 |
| Brass | 111 |
| GoldFor alternative meanings, see gold (disambiguation Gold is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Au ( L. aurum and atomic number 79. A soft, shiny, yellow, heavy, malleable, ductile (trivalent and univalent) transition metal, gold d | 320 |
| AluminiumAluminium (or aluminum in North American English) is the chemical element in the periodic table with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. A silvery and ductile member of the poor metal group of elements, aluminium is found primarily as the ore bauxite and | 236 |
| PlatinumPlatinum is also a certification by the RIAA and other world recording industries, see: RIAA certification Platinum is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Pt and atomic number 78. A heavy, malleable, ductile, precious, gray-white | 70 |
| QuartzFor other uses of this word, see Quartz (disambiguation). Milk quartz rock Quartz is the most abundant mineral on Earth (about 12% vol. It has a hexagonal crystal structure made of trigonal-crystallized silica (silicon dioxide, SiO), with a hardness of 7 | 8 |
| GlassFor eyeglasses, see spectacles The physics definition of a glass is a uniform amorphous solid material, usually produced when a suitably viscous molten material cools very rapidly, thereby not giving enough time for a regular crystal lattice to form. | 1 |
| WaterThis article describes water from a scientific and technical perspective. See the water article for its importance for life and mankind. Water is liquid at standard temperature and pressure. It has the chemical formula H O, meaning that one molecule of wa | 0.6 |
| Wool | 0.05 |
| Expanded polystyrene ("Styrofoam") | 0.03 |
| Silica aerogel | 0.00001 |
Thermal conductivity changes with temperature. For most materials it decreases slightly as the temperature rises.
Since diamond has such a high thermal conductivity, natural blue diamond much higher still, one may test gems to determine if they are genuine diamonds using a thermal conductance tester, one of the instruments of gemology. Diamonds of any size are notably cool to the touch because of their high thermal conductivity, perhaps the origin of the term "ice."
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