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Wolfgang Ernst Pauli ( April 25, 1900 – December 15, 1958) was an Austrian- Swiss physicist noted for his work on the theory of spin.
Pauli was born in Vienna to Wolfgang Joseph Pauli and Berta Camilla Schütz. His middle name was given in honor of his godfather, the physicist Ernst Mach.
Pauli attended the Döblinger Gymnasium in Vienna, graduating with distinction in 1918. Only two months after graduation, he had published his first paper, on Einstein's theory of general relativity. He attended the Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, working under Sommerfeld, where he received his doctorateDoctor of Philosophy Ph. an abbreviation for the Latin Philosophiae Doctor , or in non-Anglo-Saxon (e. German and Scandinavian) usage Doctor philosophi Dr. was originally a degree granted by a university to a learned individual who had achieved the approv in July 1921Events January 2 The first religious radio broadcast ( KDKA AM in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) January 2 Spanish liner Santa Isabel sinks off Villa Garcia 244 dead January 2 DeYoung Museum in Golden Gate Park San Francisco opens. January 20 Republic of Turke for a thesis on the quantum theory of ionised molecular hydrogenMolecular hydrogen H, is a molecule formed from two atoms of hydrogen..
Sommerfeld asked Pauli to review relativityGalileo first developed the principle of relativity which was the postulate that claimed that the laws of physics be the same for all observers, and advocated a classical view that time was a universal constant. Einstein's theory of relativity consists of for the Encyklopaedie der mathematischen Wissenschaften, a German encyclopediaEncyclopaedia Britannica An encyclopedia (alternatively encyclopaedia is a written compendium of human knowledge. The term comes from the Greek words , enkyklios paideia ("in a circle of instruction"). From , circuit shaped from circuit and , meaning inst. Two months after receiving his doctorate, Pauli completed the article, which came to 237 pages. It was praised by Einstein; published as a monograph, it remains a standard reference on the subject to this day.
He spent a year at the University of Göttingen as the assistant to Max BornMax Born ( December 11, 1882 January 5, 1970) was a Jewish German mathematician and physicist and was the only child of Gustav Born and Margarete Kauffmann. He is also the maternal grandfather of British singer and actress Olivia Newton-John. Initially ed, and the following year at what became the Niels Bohr InstituteThe Niels Bohr Institute is part of the Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics and Geophysics of the University of Copenhagen. The Institute was founded in 1921. The famous Danish theoretical physicist Niels Bohr was on its faculty from 1914 onwards. for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen. He then spent 1923 to 1928 as a lecturer at the University of Hamburg . During this period, Pauli was instrumental in the development of the modern theory of quantum mechanics. In particular, he formulated the exclusion principle and the theory of nonrelativistic spin. (See below for a list of his scientific contributions.)
In May 1929, Pauli left the Roman Catholic Church; in December that year, he married Käthe Margarethe Deppner. The marriage was an unhappy one, ending in divorce in 1930 after less than a year.
In 1928, he was appointed Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland. He held visiting professorships at the University of Michigan in 1931, and the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton in 1935.
In 1934, he married Franciska Bertram. This marriage would last for the rest of his life. They had no children.
The German annexation of Austria in 1938 made him a German citizen, which became a difficulty with the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. Pauli moved to the United States in 1940, where he was Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton. After the end of the war in 1945, he returned to Zurich, where he mostly remained for the rest of his life.
Also in 1945, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his "decisive contribution through his discovery in 1925 of a new law of Nature, the exclusion principle or Pauli principle." He had been nominated for the prize by Einstein. He was awarded the Max Planck medal in 1958.
Pauli died in Zürich.
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