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World War II was the most extensive and costly armed conflict in the history of the world, involving the great majority of the world's nations, being fought simultaneously in several major theatres, and costing tens of millions of lives. The war was fought between two groups of powers: the alliance of the British Commonwealth, United States, Soviet Union, China, and the governments-in-exile of France, Poland, and other occupied European countries, collectively known as the Allies (later, the United Nations); and the alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan and their allies, collectively known as the Axis.

Most of the fighting occurred in the European theatreAdolf Hitler German Fuhrer Preceding events Main article: Events preceding World War II in Europe and Causes of World War II Germany was in debt after World War I, due to the Great Depression and the forced payments to the victors of World War I. Germans in and around EuropeFor the band of the same name, see Europe (band . Europe is a continent forming the westermost part of the Eurasian supercontinent. Europe is bounded to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Mediterranean Se, and in the Pacific theatreThe Pacific War (1937 1945) is not to be confused with the War of the Pacific (1879 1884) in South America. The Pacific War which took place mostly in the Pacific Ocean, its islands, and in Asia, both preceded World War II and also included some of its ma in the Pacific and East AsiaEast Asia is a subregion of Asia. It covers about 6,640,000 km², or 15 percent of the continent. The following countries are located in East Asia: China, except for the province of Qinghai and the autonomous regions of Xinjiang and Tibet, which may also b.

The German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939Events January-June January 2 End of term for Frank Finley Merriam, 28th Governor of California. He is succeeded by Culbert Levy Olson. January 24 Earthquake kills 30. 000 in Chile about 50. 000 sq mi razed January 26 Falangists take Barcelona January 26 is the most common date in the West for the start of World War II. Others cite the Japanese invasion of China on 7 July 1937 as the war's beginning, or even the 1931 Japanese incursion into Manchuria. The war ended in Europe with the surrender of Germany on 8 May 1945, but continued in Asia and the Pacific until the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the subsequent Japanese surrender on 2 September 1945.

It was the first war in which air power was a significant factor and civilian suffering and terror a primary military strategy. Indeed, the first combat operation in the European Theater of World War II was a German bombing attack against Poland, while the last combat operation in the Pacific Theater was a thousand-aircraft bombing attack on Japan, on 14 August 1945.

The war also saw the re-emergence of the United States from its isolationism, the destruction and rebuilding of Germany and Japan into major industrial powers, the advent of the atomic bomb, and the emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as global superpowers.

The war also directly led to the United Nations, founded by the victorious Allies in order to prevent such a large and destructive conflict from ever happening again.

German soldiers at the Battle of Stalingrad

The war caused more civilian casualties than any war in history. This was partly due to its unprecedented scale, the first uses of mass aerial bombings against civilian populations (a policy initiated by the German Luftwaffe against Poland and later used more extensively against German cities by the Allies), and the first application of industrial-age technology to enable the mass killing of unwanted civilians in extermination camps; a significant part of the German war machine was diverted towards the execution of Jews, Roma, and other unwanted citizens in the Holocaust.

In total, World War II caused the deaths of about two percent of the population of the world. (For details, see the list of World War II casualties by country.)

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