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The World Wide Web (the "Web" or "WWW" for short) is a distributed hypertext system that operates over the Internet.

1 Basic terms

Hypertext is viewed using a program called a web browser which retrieves pieces of information, called "documents" or " web pages", from web servers and displays them, typically on a computer monitor. One can then follow hyperlinks on each page to other documents or even send information back to the server to interact with it. The act of following hyperlinks is often called "surfing" or "browsing" the web. Web pages are often arranged in collections of related material called " web sites."

Although the English word worldwide is normally written as one word (without a space or hyphen), the proper name World Wide Web and abbreviation WWW are now well-established even in formal English. The earliest references to the Web called it the WorldWideWeb (an example of computer programmers' fondness for intercaps) or the World-Wide Web (with a hyphen, this version of the name is the closest to normal English usage).

2 Origins

See also: History of the Internet

The Web can be traced back to a project at CERN in 1989 when Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau built ENQUIREENQUIRE was an early project (circa 1980) of Tim Berners-Lee, who went on to create the World Wide Web a decade later. ENQUIRE has some of the same ideas as the Web and the Semantic Web but is different in several important ways. The name is short for Enq (short for Enquire Within Upon EverythingEnquire Within Upon Everything is a late 19th century how-to book for domestic life. Tim Berners-Lee apparently named his precursor of the World Wide Web, ENQUIRE, after this work. Whether You Wish to Model a Flower in Wax; to Study the Rules of Etiquette, a book Berners-Lee recalled from his youth). While it was rather different from the Web we use today, it contained many of the same core ideas (and even some of the ideas of Berners-Lee's next project, the Semantic WebThe Semantic Web is a project that intends to create a universal medium for information exchange by giving meaning, in a manner understandable by machines, to the content of documents on the Web. Currently under the direction of its creator, Tim Berners-L). Berners-Lee mentions that much of the motivation behind the project was so that he could access library information that was scattered on several different servers at CERN.

Tim Berners-Lee published a more formal proposal for the actual World Wide Web on November 12November 12 is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 49 days remaining. Events 764 Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days. 1028 Future Byzantine empress Zoe marri, 1990Events January January 3 Former leader of Panama Manuel Noriega surrenders to American forces. January 7 The Leaning Tower of Pisa is closed to the public due to safety concerns. January 9 Lt Gen Bazilio Olara Okello The man who led the coup aginst Dr Apo [1] and wrote the first web page [2] on November 13November 13 is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 48 days remaining. Events 1775 American Revolutionary War: Patriot revolutionary forces under Col. Ethan Allen attack Montreal defended by British ] GeneralKing on a NeXTThe NeXT logo, designed by Paul Rand. NeXT was a computer company, known to the public for its series of futuristic computers, and to the programming world for its development platforms. It was bought in a takeover by Apple Computer and is no longer in bu workstation. Over Christmas of that year Berners-Lee built all the tools necessary for a working Web [3], the first actual web browser (which was a web-editor as well), and the first web server. On August 6August 6 is the 218th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (219th in leap years), with 147 days remaining. Events 1806 Francis I, the last Holy Roman Emperor, abdicates, thus ending the Holy Roman Empire. 1825 Bolivia gains independence from Peru., 1991, he posted a short summary of the WorldWideWeb project on the alt.hypertext newsgroup.

The primary underlying concept of hypertext came from earlier efforts, such as Ted Nelson's Project Xanadu and Douglas Engelbart's oN-Line System (NLS). Both Nelson and Engelbart were in turn inspired by Vannevar Bush's microfilm-based "memex," which was described in the 1945 essay As We May Think. Berners-Lee's brilliant breakthrough was to marry hypertext to the Internet. In the process he developed a system of globally unique identifiers for documents on the Web: the Uniform Resource Locator (although he prefers to call it the Uniform Resource Identifier).

The World Wide Web had a number of differences with hypertext systems that were then in place.

The WWW required only unidirectional links rather than bidirectional ones. This made it possible for someone to link to another resource without action by the owner of that resource.

Unlike certain applications such as HyperCard or Gopher, the World Wide Web was non-proprietary, making it possible to develop servers and clients independently and to add extensions without licensing restrictions.

On April 30, 1993 CERN announced that the World Wide Web would be free to anyone, with no fees due.

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