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Wu Sangui ( Chinese: 吳三桂; pinyin: Wú Sānguì; WG: Wu San-kuei) ( 1612 - October 2, 1678) was a Ming Chinese general who opened the gates of the Great Wall of China at Shanhai Pass to let Manchu soldiers into China proper, leading to the ultimate destruction of the Ming Empire and the establishment of the Qing Empire. His courtesy name was Changbai (長白) or Changbo (長伯). Wu was born in Gaoyu (高郵), Jiangsu Province to Wu Xiang (襄). He was rewarded the position of Pingxi King (平西王) in YunnanYunnan ( Simplified Chinese: , Traditional: , pinyin: Yunnan) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwestern corner of the country. Yunnan Sheng ''Province Abbreviation(s): (Din) or (Yun Capital Kunming Area Total % water, but later betrayed the Qing Empire in 1674Events February 19 England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. A provision of the agreement transfers the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam to England, which renamed it New York May 21 John Sobieski is elected by the nobility to be the King of and started the Revolt of the Three FeudatoriesThe Three Feudatories ( Chinese: pinyin: sn fan) were territories in southern China bestowed by the early Manchu rulers on three Chinese generals ( Wu Sangui, Geng Jingzhong, and Shang Zhixin). In the second half of the 17th century, these generals revolt, declaring himself the "All-Suppress-Military Generalissimo" (天下都招討兵馬大元帥 Tianxia-dou-zhaotao-bingma Dayuanshuai). The following year, he declared himself the Emperor of Zhou (周帝), with the era nameEra system Era name was an East Asian imperial practice of numbering years in an emperor's reign. It originated as a motto or slogan chosen by the emperor. Different East Asian countries utilized slightly different systems: Chinese era name Japanese era n of Zhaowu (昭武), and capital in Dingtianfu , which was Hengzhou (衡州, now Hengyang , HunanHunan ( Pinyin: Hu'nan) is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of the Dongting Lake (hence the name Hunan meaning "south of the lake"). Hunan is sometimes called "Xiang" for short, after the Xiang River which).
His concubine was Chen YuanyuanChen Yuanyuan ( Chinese: ; pinyin: Chen Yuanyuan; WG: Ch'en Yuan-yuan) ( 1624 1681), born Xing Yuan , a Ming Chinese, was a concubine of Wu Sangui, who broke into the fortress of Li Zicheng to rescue her. Her courtesy name was Wanfen . Chen's parents died. He died of illness in Hengzhou, Hunan province, and was succeeded by his grandson Wu Shifan (吳世藩).
Chinese rebellions
