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Like Emacs, XEmacs is free software available under the GNU General Public License. When speaking about an unspecified version of
XEmacs was created in 1991 as Lucid Emacs by Lucid Inc. to support their proprietary Energize environment. Lucid forked the code, developing and maintaining their own version of Emacs, because they were dissatisfied with the maintenance of the original Emacs. Their version of Emacs was very popular, so when Lucid went out of business in 1994, the code was picked up by another development team, and maintained under its current name, "XEmacs".
Emacs and XEmacs have different development philosophies. XEmacs is more open to experimentation, and is often the first to offer new features, such as inline images, variable fonts and terminal coloring. Detractors complain that because of its more aggressive, features-driven approach, XEmacs internals are less consistent and less extensively documented than GNU Emacs.
It is a popular myth that XEmacs did not have proper support for text terminals (or emulators such as xterm). This was never true; XEmacs always ran without a windowing system. In fact, for a period of time it even had some terminal features, such as coloring, that GNU Emacs lacked.
XEmacs often directly integrates upstream code for independently maintained lisp packages, whereas the Emacs project performs testing on every package distributed with it. As a result, major lisp packages in XEmacs are usually more up-to-date.
Historically, XEmacs had a more open development environment, including anonymous CVSThe Concurrent Versions System CVS , also known as the Concurrent Version System and the Concurrent Versioning System implements a version control system: it keeps track of all work and all changes in a set of files, typically the implementation of a soft access and publicly accessible development mailing listsA mailing list is a collection of names and addresses used by an individual or an organization to send material to multiple recipients. The term is often extended to include the people subscribed to such a list, so the group of subscribers are referred to. However, with the release of GNU Emacs 21 in 20012001 is a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar), and also: The International Year of the Volunteer The United Nations Year of Dialogue Among Civilizations Events January January 1 A black monolith measuring approximately nine feet tall ap, that project has also provided both of these facilities. The development models of the projects are now very similar.
XEmacs still has somewhat better X toolkit support, and experimental Gtk+ support. Its multilingual support is poorer, but is optional; internationalization is hard-coded into GNU Emacs.
Programmers who wish their Emacs LispEmacs Lisp is a dialect of the Lisp programming language used by the GNU Emacs and XEmacs editors, which will simply be called "Emacs" in this article. Emacs Lisp is sometimes also called Elisp at the risk of confusion with an unrelated Lisp dialect with packages to work with both programs have to be careful to avoid features specific to either. For example, XEmacs introduced the concept of extents, a region of text that can be assigned attributes such as color and font. A similar but not identical feature, overlays, was later added to GNU Emacs. XEmacs project policy is to maintain compatibility with the GNU Emacs API. For example, it provides a compatibility layer implementing overlays via the native extent functionality.
The schism between GNU Emacs and XEmacs is one of the more well-known examples of a code fork. Both programs are licensed under the GNU GPL (in fact, the copyrightA copyright is a form of intellectual property that grants its holder the sole legal right copying their works of original expression, such as a literary work, movie, musical work or sound recording, painting, computer program, or industrial design, for a of much XEmacs code is owned by the Free Software Foundation), so code could in principle be freely exchanged between the two projects. However, the GNU Emacs project has a policy of including only contributions whose copyright has been assigned to the FSF, for the purpose of copyleft enforcement. This is not always possible with XEmacs code.
There is significant rivalry between the two camps, which is why new features in either editor usually show up in the other sooner or later. However, many developers contribute to both projects; in particular, many major Lisp subsystems, such as Gnus and Dired, are developed to work with both.
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