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The Yak-12 was designed by Yakovlev's team to meet a requirement of the Soviet Air Force of 1944 for a new liaison and utility plane, to replace the obsolete Po-2 biplane. It was also meant to be used in civil aviation as a successor to Yakovlev's AIR-6 of 1934, built in a relatively small series. Yakovlev's first proposal was a 4-seater high-wing Yak-10 (first named Yak-14), built in January 1945. It won the competition with a low-wing Yak-13 , based on the same fuselage, and a small number of Yak-10s were produced, powered with a Shvetsov M-11M radial engine (108 kW, 145 hp).
In 1947, the aircraft was rebuilt, fitted with a more powerful M-11FR radial engine (119 kW, 160 hp), a new wing and a fuselage with a revised shape. The new plane was designated Yak-12. 788 were produced of the basic variant, including military observation planes, some Yak-12S flying ambulances , Yak-12SKh agricultural aircraft and Yak-12GR floatplanes. A distinguishing feature of the basic Yak-12, just like Yak-10, were engine cylinders with individual cowlings. It was a plane of mixed construction.
A next generation of Yak-12s entered production in 1952, starting with the Yak-12R. It was fitted with a new Ivchenko AI-14 R radial engine (194 kW, 260 hp), all hidden in the fuselage, and the plane construction became all-metal. After further construction strengthening and other minor changes, from 1955 the Yak-12M (for "modified") was produced. A visible difference was a lengthened tailfin. This variant became more universal, and could be fitted with twin controls for training, stretchers for an ambulance role or agricultural spraying device.
The last generation, produced from 1957This is a list of aviation-related events from 1957: Events January January 18 Three Boeing B-52 Stratofortresses make the world's first round the world, non-stop flight by turbojet-powered aircraft. The flight is completed in 45 hours 19 minutes, with an, was the Yak-12A. It was an aerodynamically refined variant, with a slimmer fuselage. The engine cover had a smaller diameter. The rectangular-shaped wings were fitted with trapezoidal ends, and single strutA strut is a structural component designed to resist longitudinal compression. Struts provide outwards-facing support in their lengthwise direction, which can be used to keep two other components separate, performing the opposite function of a tie''.s replaced twin struts. Navigation equipment and controls were improved, and performance also increased. In the USSR, 3,801 of Yak-12s were built in all models (including 3,013 Yak-12R, M and A). An experimental Yak-12B biplane was also developed, but not produced.
The Yak-12M was licence built from 1956This is a list of aviation-related events from 1956: Events March March 10 Lt Cdr Peter Twiss sets a new airspeed record in the Fairey Delta FD. 2, also becoming the first person to exceed 1,000 mph. His top speed is 1,132 mph (1,821 km/h). May May 21 a B in Poland as the WSK-4 OkeciePZL is an abbreviation name used by three Polish aerospace manufacturers. Before 1939 it was one manufacturer Panstwowe Zaklady Lotnicze State Aviation Works, based in Warsaw, Poland. PZL (1928-1939) PZL was founded in Warsaw in 1928, basing on the earlie, or Jak-12M. From 1959This is a list of aviation-related events from 1959: Events February February 3 Rock stars Ritchie Valens, Buddy Holly and The Big Bopper die when the Beechcraft Bonanza they are traveling in crashes during a snow storm in Iowa. March March 31 BOAC commen, the Yak-12A was built in Poland as the Jak-12A. 1,054 Jak-12Ms and 137 Jak-12As were built in Poland, most exported to the USSR. In 1958This is a list of aviation-related events from 1958: Events Gulfstream Aerospace founded in Savannah, Georgia, USA. London Gatwick Airport opens after two years of extensive reconstruction. It is the first multimodal airport in the world, with direct rail, further developement of the Yak-12 was carried out in Poland, designated as the PZL-101 Gawron .
The Yak-12 was also produced in ChinaThis article is on the geographic and cultural entity. For other meanings, see China (disambiguation). China ( Traditional Chinese: , Simplified Chinese: , Hanyu Pinyin: Zhongguo, Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo) is a country in continental East Asia with some oute as Shenyang type 5.
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