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300px LZ127 "Graf Zeppelin", the most traveled airship in history A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship (or dirigible) pioneered by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin in the early 20th century. Due to the outstanding success of the Zeppelin design, the term zeppelin in casual use came to refer to all rigid airships. This article, however, focuses on Zeppelins in the narrower sense of the word.
These giant aircraft were used for passenger transport as well as for military purposes. The DELAG ( Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-AG ), which can be considered the first commercial airline, served scheduled flights well before World War I, and after the outbreak of the conflict, the German military made extensive use of Zeppelins as bombers and scouts.
The German defeat halted the business temporarily, but under the guidance of Hugo Eckener, the successor of the deceased count, civilian Zeppelins experienced a renaissance in the 1920s. They reached their zenith in the 1930s, when the airships LZ127 "Graf Zeppelin" and LZ129 "Hindenburg" profitably operated regular transatlantic passenger flights.
The Hindenburg disaster in 1937Events January January 1 Anastasio Somoza becomes President of Nicaragua January 11 The first issue of Look magazine goes on sale in the United States. January 19 Howard Hughes sets a new air record by flying from Los Angeles to New York City in 7 hours, triggered the fall of the "giants of the air", though other factors, including political issues, contributed to the demise of the Zeppelin.
The most imortant feature of Zeppelin's design is a slim, rigid aluminiumAluminium (or aluminum in North American English) is the chemical element in the periodic table with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. A silvery and ductile member of the poor metal group of elements, aluminium is found primarily as the ore bauxite and skeleton, made of rings and longitudinal girders. The advantage of this concept is that the ships can be built much larger, which enables them to lift heavier loads and be equipped with more and stronger engines. This makes the craft quite distinct from non-rigid airships commonly known as blimpBlimp is an informal term typically applied to non-rigid helium-filled airships. For a more complete description of this style of aircraft, please see airship. The term "blimp" is reportedly onomatopoeic, the sound the airship makes when one taps the enves, which rely on a slight overpressure within their hull to maintain their shape.
The overall form of the first Zeppelins was cylindrical with rounded ends. During World War I, the design was changed to the familiar streamlinefluid dynamics In fluid dynamics, a streamline is the path that an imaginary massless particle would make if it followed the flow of a fluid in which it was embedded. Due to the way fluids interact in a flow, the flow is often complex. For instance, in ad shape that has been used by almost all airships since. Within this outer envelope several separate balloons called cells contained the lighter-than-air gas hydrogenhydrogen helium H Li Full table General Name, Symbol, NumberHydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1 (IA), 1 , s Density, Hardness 0. 0899 kg/m3, NA Appearance colorless Atomic properties Atomic weight 1. 00794 amu Atomic radius (ca. The cell design is another conceptual difference compared to blimps.
Motive power was provided by several internal combustion engineAn internal combustion engine is an engine that is powered by the expansion of hot combustion products of fuel directly acting within an engine. A piston internal combustion engine works by burning hydrocarbon or hydrogen fuel that presses on a piston; ans, mounted in nacelles rigidly connected to the skeleton at the peak of maximum air resistance. Steering was made possible by adjusting and selectively reversing engine thrust and by using rudder and elevator fins.
A comparatively small compartment for passengers and crew was built into the bottom of the frame.
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