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In 168, Zhao Yun was born in the Zhending (真定) county of Changshan (常山) province (now in Shaanxi, northern China). He joined Gongsun Zan probably in the late 180s or early 190s as commander of a small group of volunteers. In 192 he was placed under the authority of Liu Bei, who at the time had only the rank of a major under Gongsun. Liu Bei had a contingent of several thousand Wuhuan cavalry and Zhao Yun probably served or was an officer within this force. Evidently he had an extremely close relationship with Liu Bei. The Sanguo Zhi says that they slept in the same bed and Zhao Yun seems to have followed Liu Bei throughout his sojourns around north China.
In 208, Zhao Yun distinguished himself at the Battle of Changban. He saved Liu Bei's son Liu Shan, his wife the Lady Gan , (甘夫人) and his mother. After the Battle of Red Cliffs he played a role in conquering the province of Jiangnan (江南) and was recognised as one of Liu Bei's leading lieutenants, being awarded the positions of major-general (偏將軍), Grand Administrator of Guiyang (桂陽太守), and eventually the title "General of the Standard" (牙門將軍).
Later, Zhao Yun accompanied Zhuge Liang into Shu. He held separate command, marching via Jiangzhou (江州) to Chengdu (成都). Upon Liu Bei's accession to the throne in 222, Zhao Yun was given the title of General Who Maintains Peace in the East (鎮東將軍) and enfeoffment as Marquis of Yongchangting (永昌亭侯).
In 227, Zhao Yun - now a venerable commander - accompanied Zhuge Liang to Hanzhong on the first of the Northern ExpeditionsThe Northern Expeditions were a series of five military campaigns launched by the state of Shu against the northern state of Wei from 228 to 234. All five expeditions were led by the famed statesman and commander Zhuge Liang . Although they proved unsucce. Zhao was given the operation of marching through the Yegu (斜谷) as a decoy to the main force, which would look left through Qishan (祁山). He was opposed in the pass in force by the great Wei commander Cao Zhen (曹真). After a worthy defense, Zhao Yun was able to lead a relatively orderly retreat. He was made General Who Maintains Peace in the Army (鎮軍將軍).
In 229, Zhao Yun died at Hanzhong and was much grieved in the Shu army. He received the posthumous appellation of Shunping Marquis (順平侯) from Liu Shan.
Zhao was often recognised not only by his outragous courage, but also his clear mind, wisdom and morality. For example, he distinguished rights and wrongs very well, and wouldn't take anything he didn't deserve. He also attempted to stop Liu Bei from invading the Kingdom of WuThe Kingdom of Wu ( Chinese: , pinyin: wu) refers to a nation and several states throughout Chinese history of around the same region in China. The original capital of Wu is in Suzhou, some 60 kilometers from present-day Shanghai. The first Wu Kingdom was for revenge, with clear and reasonable arguments.
However, historically, he was only a bit more than a bodyguard of Liu Bei and was only later made a general. In actuality, his merits were not as great as in Luo GuanzhongLuo Guanzhong was a 14th century Chinese author attributed with writing Romance of the Three Kingdoms and editing Outlaws of the Marsh two of the most revered adventure epics in Chinese literature. Literary historians are not certain these two writers are's Romance of the Three KingdomsRomance of the Three Kingdoms ( Chinese: , pinyin: Sn Guo Yn Yi), written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a classical Chinese historical novel about the turbulent period often referred to as the Three Kingdoms (AD 220-280). It is the most popular. In the novel, Zilong's character would be best described as that of a Western knightFor the chess piece, see knight (chess). In former times, a knight was a warrior or nobleman; today a knight is a person who has been given a royal recognition. In the United Kingdom the knight is styled Sir''. The female styling is usually Dame''. Roots.
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